What is Artificial Disc Replacement ?

Artificial Disc Replacement (ADR) or Total Disc Replacement (TDR), is a surgical procedure used to treat severe disc-related back or neck pain by replacing a damaged or degenerated intervertebral disc with an artificial disc device. These are intended to preserve some of the natural motion of the affected spinal segment.

Candidates for Artificial Disc Surgery:

1. Severe Disc Degeneration: Candidates typically have severe degeneration of one or more intervertebral discs in the spine, often resulting in chronic neck pain, arm pain, or numbness.
2. Failed Conservative Treatment: Patients who have not responded to conservative treatments such as physical therapy, medications, or injections may be considered for artificial disc surgery.
3. Healthy Spine Anatomy: Candidates should have relatively healthy spinal anatomy without severe deformities or instability or bony degeneration.

Procedure Overview:

1. Anesthesia: Artificial disc surgery is performed under general anesthesia, meaning you'll be asleep during the procedure.
2. Incision: The surgeon makes an incision in the abdomen or the neck, depending on the location of the damaged disc. If a lumbar disc is being addressed an approach surgeon will assist in the approach who is either a general or vascular surgeon. This is to ensure the safety of bowel tissue and blood vessels.
3. Disc Removal: The damaged intervertebral disc is removed, along with any damaged disc material or bone spurs.
4. Artificial Disc Placement: The surgeon inserts the artificial disc device into the disc space, securing it to the adjacent vertebrae.
5. Closure: The incision is closed with sutures or staples, and a sterile dressing is applied.

Recovery and Rehabilitation:

1. Hospital Stay: Depending on the specifics of your surgery and your overall health, you may need to stay in the hospital for a day or two following the procedure.
2. Pain Management: You will experience some pain or discomfort after surgery, which can usually be managed with pain medications prescribed by your doctor.
3. Physical Therapy: A physical therapy program may be prescribed to help strengthen the muscles surrounding the spine and improve mobility.
4. Activity Restrictions: Your surgeon will provide specific instructions on activity restrictions and limitations during the initial recovery period. Avoid heavy lifting or strenuous activities as directed.
5. Follow-up Care: Regular follow-up appointments with your surgeon are important to monitor your progress and address any concerns or complications.
6. Smoking inhibits tissue healing. If you smoke, it is imperative that you stop completely 6-8 weeks before surgery and do not resume afterwards.

Risks and Complications:

As with any surgical procedure, artificial disc surgery carries risks and potential complications, including infection, bleeding, nerve damage, device failure, or the need for additional surgery. It's important to discuss these risks with your surgeon and weigh them against the potential benefits of the procedure.

Conclusion:

Artificial disc surgery can be an effective treatment option for certain individuals with severe disc degeneration and chronic back pain. However, it's important to undergo a thorough evaluation and discuss the risks and benefits with your surgeon to determine if artificial disc surgery is the right choice for you.