What is a Facet Joint Injection?

A facet joint injection is a minimally invasive procedure used to diagnose and treat pain originating from the facet joints in the spine. The facet joints are small joints located between each vertebra that provide stability and help guide motion in the spine. Pain in these joints can be caused by arthritis, injury, or degeneration.

Purpose of Facet Joint Injections

Facet joint injections can serve two main purposes:

1. Diagnostic: To confirm whether the facet joints are the source of pain. If the injection relieves pain, it indicates that the facet joint is likely the cause.
2. Therapeutic: To relieve pain and inflammation. The injection usually contains a local anesthetic (to numb the area) and a corticosteroid (to reduce inflammation).

Indications for Facet Joint Injections

Facet joint injections may be recommended for individuals with:

• Chronic back or neck pain that is suspected to originate from the facet joints.
• Arthritis of the spine (e.g., osteoarthritis).
• Spinal conditions such as spondylosis, facet joint syndrome, or degenerative disc disease.

Procedure Overview

1. Preparation:

   • The procedure is performed on an outpatient basis.
   • Inform your doctor about any medications you are taking or any allergies you have.

2. During the Procedure:

   • You will lie on a procedure table, and the area of your spine to be treated will be cleaned and sterilized.
   • A local anesthetic may be applied to numb the skin.
   • Using fluoroscopy (live X-ray guidance), the doctor will insert a thin needle into the facet joint.
   • The anesthetic and corticosteroid mixture is then injected into the joint.

3. After the Procedure:

   • You may be monitored for a short time before being allowed to go home.
   • Some patients may experience immediate pain relief due to the local anesthetic.
   • The corticosteroid may take a few days to start working.
   • You may experience mild soreness at the injection site for a day or two.

Benefits of Facet Joint Injections

• Pain Relief: Can provide significant relief from chronic back or neck pain.
• Diagnostic Clarity: Helps confirm the source of pain.
• Minimally Invasive: Performed with minimal discomfort and recovery time.
• Improved Function: Pain relief can lead to better mobility and quality of life.

Risks and Side Effects

Facet joint injections are generally safe, but like all medical procedures, they carry some risks, including:

• Infection at the injection site.
• Bleeding or bruising.
• Temporary increase in pain after the injection.
• Allergic reactions to the medications used.
• Nerve damage (rare).
• Corticosteroid side effects: If multiple injections are needed, there is a risk of side effects from corticosteroids, such as weight gain, high blood sugar, or osteoporosis.

Post-Procedure Care

• Activity: You may be advised to take it easy for the rest of the day but can usually resume normal activities the next day.
• Pain Monitoring: Keep track of your pain levels and report any unusual symptoms to your doctor.
• Follow-Up: A follow-up appointment may be scheduled to assess the effectiveness of the injection and determine the next steps in your treatment.

When to Seek Medical Help

Contact your doctor immediately if you experience:

• Severe pain or swelling at the injection site.
• Fever or chills.
• Numbness or weakness in the limbs.
• Difficulty breathing or chest pain.